Filters
Applied Filters
🎓 Degree Level
⏱️ Duration
🌐 Language
💰 Annual Fee (USD)
🏫 University
📍 City
🎯 Scholarships
The Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) program is focused on equipping students with advanced knowledge in cybersecurity principles, practices, and technologies. The program aims to prepare graduates to address critical issues related to information security, risk management, and data protection in an increasingly digital world.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
-Students
5777The Master of Data Science (Non-Thesis) program is designed to prepare students for the fast-evolving field of data science. It focuses on equipping graduates with the necessary skills to analyze complex data, utilize machine learning techniques, and make data-driven decisions to solve real-world problems.
Annual course fee
Duration
1.5Rankings
-Students
5777The Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) program prepares students for advanced roles in the rapidly-evolving field of cybersecurity. It aims to develop expertise in protecting information systems and networks, addressing the growing concern of cyber threats in various industries.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
-Students
5777The Associate of Hair Care and Beauty Services program is designed to provide students with the essential skills and knowledge required for a successful career in the beauty and wellness industry. This program covers various aspects of hair care, skincare, makeup application, and beauty treatments. Its importance lies in promoting personal grooming and enhancing clients' confidence through professional services.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
--Students
37596The Associate of Pastry and Bakery program is designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in the art of baking and pastry creation. This program focuses on both traditional and modern techniques, emphasizing creativity and technique, which are crucial for a successful career in the culinary arts.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
--Students
37596The Associate of Interior Design program prepares students to create functional and aesthetically pleasing interior spaces. Focused on the principles of design, this program equips students with both the creative and technical skills necessary for a career in interior design. It plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of life and promoting sustainability in built environments.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
--Students
37596The Associate of Interior Design program prepares students to create functional and aesthetically pleasing interior spaces. Focused on the principles of design, this program equips students with both the creative and technical skills necessary for a career in interior design. It plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of life and promoting sustainability in built environments.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
--Students
37596The Associate of Banking and Insurance program prepares students for careers in the financial services sector, focusing on key aspects of banking, insurance, and finance. Its goals include providing students with knowledge of financial products, risk management, and regulatory frameworks. This program is important as it addresses the critical need for skilled professionals in the rapidly evolving banking and insurance industries.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
--Students
37596The Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering is a four-year, English-medium undergraduate engineering program specifically created to educate the new generation of engineers who design, develop, train, deploy, and maintain intelligent systems that perceive, learn, reason, and act autonomously in real-world applications ranging from smart cities and autonomous vehicles to personalized medicine and advanced industrial automation. Launched in recent years by Turkey’s leading technical universities (Middle East Technical University, Boğaziçi University, Sabancı University, Özyeğin University, Koç University, Bilkent University, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, and others), the program has rapidly become one of the most competitive and sought-after degrees because Turkey is investing heavily in becoming a regional AI powerhouse through national strategies, large-scale public-private R&D projects, and the establishment of AI-focused technology development zones. Students receive a rigorous, mathematics-heavy, and project-based education that fuses classical computer engineering and electrical-electronics engineering fundamentals with cutting-edge artificial intelligence theory and practice. The curriculum typically begins with a strong first-year foundation of calculus, linear algebra, physics, introduction to programming (Python and C++), discrete mathematics, and data structures. Second-year courses deepen core engineering knowledge through probability and statistics, signals and systems, digital design, algorithms, databases, computer architecture, and object-oriented programming. From the third year onward, students dive into specialized AI engineering sequences including machine learning theory and algorithms, deep learning and neural networks (CNNs, RNNs, transformers, GANs), reinforcement learning, natural language processing, computer vision and image processing, speech recognition and synthesis, knowledge representation and reasoning, probabilistic graphical models, optimization for machine learning, big data engineering (Spark, Hadoop, Kafka), cloud-based AI deployment (AWS SageMaker, Azure ML, Google Vertex AI), MLOps and model lifecycle management, robotics and embodied AI, ethical AI and algorithmic fairness, explainable AI, AI security and adversarial attacks, edge AI and tinyML, generative AI systems, and domain-specific applications such as autonomous driving, medical image analysis, financial forecasting, and smart manufacturing. Every semester includes intensive laboratory work and team projects where students implement algorithms from scratch, train large models on university GPU clusters, participate in international competitions (Kaggle, ImageNet, RoboCup, autonomous drone racing leagues), develop complete end-to-end AI solutions (from data collection to mobile/web deployment), and collaborate with industry partners on real commercial problems through capstone projects in the final year. Most programs mandate a thirty to sixty-day summer internship at AI labs of major Turkish technology companies or global firms with R&D centers in Turkey, and many students publish papers or present at conferences before graduation. Graduates, titled Artificial Intelligence Engineer, immediately command the highest starting salaries among all engineering disciplines in Turkey and enjoy virtually unlimited career options because every sector is racing to integrate AI solutions. They are recruited by global technology giants with large Istanbul and Ankara R&D offices (Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Huawei, Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, Ford Otosan AI labs), leading Turkish defense and aerospace companies developing autonomous systems (ASELSAN, TUSAŞ, Baykar, Roketsan), fast-growing AI startups and unicorn companies (Insider, Trendyol Tech, Getir, Dream Games, Peak Games), financial institutions building next-generation fraud detection and algorithmic trading platforms (Garanti BBVA Technology, İş Bankası MaxiTech, Akbank), telecommunication operators implementing 5G/6G network intelligence (Turkcell, Vodafone, Türk Telekom), automotive firms transitioning to software-defined and autonomous vehicles (TOFAŞ, BMC, Karsan), smart-city and energy companies (İBB iSpark, Enerjisa), health-tech firms using AI for diagnostics and drug discovery, and an increasing number of government institutions under the Digital Transformation Office and TÜBİTAK Artificial Intelligence Institute. Many graduates are hired abroad directly from campus by companies in the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and the Gulf countries, while others launch their own AI startups supported by TÜBİTAK grants and techno-parks. Within three to five years, high-performing graduates advance to senior AI engineer, machine learning research scientist, AI solutions architect, or chief AI officer roles with compensation packages that rapidly reach upper six figures in Turkish lira equivalents plus significant stock options in technology firms. The social prestige of AI engineers has reached extraordinary levels among younger generations, who view them as the architects of the future and key contributors to both national technological sovereignty and global scientific progress. Some graduates pursue master’s and PhD degrees at top universities worldwide (Stanford, MIT, Oxford, ETH Zurich) with full scholarships, while others prefer the explosive professional growth available in industry. In summary, the English-medium Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering produces world-class, innovation-ready engineers who stand at the very center of the fourth industrial revolution, enjoy unmatched employment prospects, exceptional financial rewards, and immense societal respect in a country that has decisively chosen artificial intelligence as one of its primary paths to economic and technological leadership in the twenty-first century.
Annual course fee
Duration
4Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Management) program focuses on the intersection of technology and business management. It aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills to leverage information technology for business improvement and strategic decision-making. This program is essential for training professionals who can manage and implement IT solutions in a business context.
Annual course fee
Duration
4Rankings
--Students
37596The Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering is a four-year, English-medium undergraduate engineering program specifically created to educate the new generation of engineers who design, develop, train, deploy, and maintain intelligent systems that perceive, learn, reason, and act autonomously in real-world applications ranging from smart cities and autonomous vehicles to personalized medicine and advanced industrial automation. Launched in recent years by Turkey’s leading technical universities (Middle East Technical University, Boğaziçi University, Sabancı University, Özyeğin University, Koç University, Bilkent University, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, and others), the program has rapidly become one of the most competitive and sought-after degrees because Turkey is investing heavily in becoming a regional AI powerhouse through national strategies, large-scale public-private R&D projects, and the establishment of AI-focused technology development zones. Students receive a rigorous, mathematics-heavy, and project-based education that fuses classical computer engineering and electrical-electronics engineering fundamentals with cutting-edge artificial intelligence theory and practice. The curriculum typically begins with a strong first-year foundation of calculus, linear algebra, physics, introduction to programming (Python and C++), discrete mathematics, and data structures. Second-year courses deepen core engineering knowledge through probability and statistics, signals and systems, digital design, algorithms, databases, computer architecture, and object-oriented programming. From the third year onward, students dive into specialized AI engineering sequences including machine learning theory and algorithms, deep learning and neural networks (CNNs, RNNs, transformers, GANs), reinforcement learning, natural language processing, computer vision and image processing, speech recognition and synthesis, knowledge representation and reasoning, probabilistic graphical models, optimization for machine learning, big data engineering (Spark, Hadoop, Kafka), cloud-based AI deployment (AWS SageMaker, Azure ML, Google Vertex AI), MLOps and model lifecycle management, robotics and embodied AI, ethical AI and algorithmic fairness, explainable AI, AI security and adversarial attacks, edge AI and tinyML, generative AI systems, and domain-specific applications such as autonomous driving, medical image analysis, financial forecasting, and smart manufacturing. Every semester includes intensive laboratory work and team projects where students implement algorithms from scratch, train large models on university GPU clusters, participate in international competitions (Kaggle, ImageNet, RoboCup, autonomous drone racing leagues), develop complete end-to-end AI solutions (from data collection to mobile/web deployment), and collaborate with industry partners on real commercial problems through capstone projects in the final year. Most programs mandate a thirty to sixty-day summer internship at AI labs of major Turkish technology companies or global firms with R&D centers in Turkey, and many students publish papers or present at conferences before graduation. Graduates, titled Artificial Intelligence Engineer, immediately command the highest starting salaries among all engineering disciplines in Turkey and enjoy virtually unlimited career options because every sector is racing to integrate AI solutions. They are recruited by global technology giants with large Istanbul and Ankara R&D offices (Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Huawei, Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, Ford Otosan AI labs), leading Turkish defense and aerospace companies developing autonomous systems (ASELSAN, TUSAŞ, Baykar, Roketsan), fast-growing AI startups and unicorn companies (Insider, Trendyol Tech, Getir, Dream Games, Peak Games), financial institutions building next-generation fraud detection and algorithmic trading platforms (Garanti BBVA Technology, İş Bankası MaxiTech, Akbank), telecommunication operators implementing 5G/6G network intelligence (Turkcell, Vodafone, Türk Telekom), automotive firms transitioning to software-defined and autonomous vehicles (TOFAŞ, BMC, Karsan), smart-city and energy companies (İBB iSpark, Enerjisa), health-tech firms using AI for diagnostics and drug discovery, and an increasing number of government institutions under the Digital Transformation Office and TÜBİTAK Artificial Intelligence Institute. Many graduates are hired abroad directly from campus by companies in the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and the Gulf countries, while others launch their own AI startups supported by TÜBİTAK grants and techno-parks. Within three to five years, high-performing graduates advance to senior AI engineer, machine learning research scientist, AI solutions architect, or chief AI officer roles with compensation packages that rapidly reach upper six figures in Turkish lira equivalents plus significant stock options in technology firms. The social prestige of AI engineers has reached extraordinary levels among younger generations, who view them as the architects of the future and key contributors to both national technological sovereignty and global scientific progress. Some graduates pursue master’s and PhD degrees at top universities worldwide (Stanford, MIT, Oxford, ETH Zurich) with full scholarships, while others prefer the explosive professional growth available in industry. In summary, the English-medium Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering produces world-class, innovation-ready engineers who stand at the very center of the fourth industrial revolution, enjoy unmatched employment prospects, exceptional financial rewards, and immense societal respect in a country that has decisively chosen artificial intelligence as one of its primary paths to economic and technological leadership in the twenty-first century.
Annual course fee
Duration
4Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) is a four-year, fully English-medium undergraduate program offered at Turkey’s top technical universities, accredited by YÖK and holding MÜDEK (ABET substantial equivalent) certification that guarantees global recognition through the Washington Accord. This elite degree produces world-class software engineers who can architect, develop, test, deploy, and maintain large-scale, secure, and high-performance software systems for global technology companies, unicorn startups, defense projects, fintech giants, and digital transformation initiatives in a country that has become one of the world’s fastest-growing software export hubs with more than 2,000 tech companies and multiple billion-dollar exits.Throughout the program students acquire an extraordinarily comprehensive, industry-aligned, and future-proof skill set that places them among the most recruited graduates worldwide. They master software development life cycles (Agile, Scrum, DevOps), advanced programming paradigms in Java, Python, C#, Go, Rust, and JavaScript/TypeScript, full-stack web and mobile development (React, Angular, Vue, Node.js, Flutter, React Native), cloud-native architectures on AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, microservices and containerization with Docker and Kubernetes, database design and optimization (PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis), software security and secure coding practices, automated testing and CI/CD pipelines (Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI), big data processing with Spark and Kafka, artificial intelligence integration (TensorFlow, PyTorch, LangChain), blockchain and smart contract development, game engine programming (Unity, Unreal Engine 5), embedded and real-time systems, formal methods and software verification, requirements engineering, and UI/UX principles, and technical project management. Students work on real industry projects from the first year, contribute to open-source repositories, participate in global hackathons, complete mandatory 60+ workday internships at Turkey’s leading software powerhouses (Huawei Turkey R&D, Siemens Turkey, Ericsson, Vodafone, Turkcell Tech, Trendyol Tech, Getir, Hepsiburada, Insider, Peak Games, Dream Games, Papara, Iyzico, Param, Aselsan, Havelsan, STM, Milsoft, Netaş, KoçDigital, Softtech, Figensoft), and graduate with a professional GitHub portfolio that typically includes several production-grade applications, published packages, and direct job offers.Graduates of the English-medium Bachelor of Software Engineering enjoy virtually 100% employment within three months and command the highest starting salaries of any undergraduate program in Turkey. They are aggressively recruited as software engineers, full-stack developers, cloud architects, DevOps engineers, mobile developers, backend specialists, AI engineers, blockchain developers, and technical leads by global giants with massive Istanbul and Ankara R&D centers (Google Turkey, Amazon Turkey, Microsoft Turkey, Meta, NVIDIA, Intel, SAP, Oracle, IBM, Cisco, Dell Technologies), Turkish unicorns and scale-ups (Trendyol, Getir, Hepsiburada, Insider, Dream, Peak), defense and aerospace software divisions (Aselsan, Havelsan, TUSAŞ, Roketsan), fintech leaders (Papara, Iyzico, Param, Tosla), banks (Garanti BBVA Tech, Akbank Lab, İşbank Soft), and international remote-first companies. Many graduates receive multiple offers with signing bonuses, stock options, and fully remote work options, while others launch their own SaaS startups backed by 500 Istanbul, Sabancı Ventures, or global accelerators. The profession commands massive social prestige because these engineers build the digital infrastructure that powers Turkey’s economy, security, and global competitiveness. Starting salaries consistently rank at the very top nationwide and rise exponentially with expertise in cloud, AI, or cybersecurity, enabling most graduates to reach solid upper-middle-class income within two years and millionaire status for top performers at global tech companies or successful startup exits before age thirty. In short, the English-medium Bachelor of Software Engineering offers the single most powerful, globally mobile, and financially rewarding education in Turkey today, transforming talented coders into the architects of tomorrow’s digital world.
Annual course fee
Duration
4Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) program is structured to provide an in-depth exploration of the principles and practices of cybersecurity. It aims to develop critical thinking and advanced skills in identifying, analyzing, and mitigating cyber threats. The program is crucial for addressing contemporary security challenges and preparing graduates for research and leadership roles in the cybersecurity field.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) program is designed to equip students with advanced skills and knowledge in protecting digital information and infrastructure from cyber threats. The program focuses on the critical areas of cybersecurity, risk management, and information assurance. Its importance is underscored by the increasing need for robust security measures in an increasingly digital world.
Annual course fee
Duration
1.5Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) program is geared towards equipping students with comprehensive knowledge and practical skills in the field of information technology. This program focuses on the integration of technology in various sectors, enabling graduates to tackle current technological challenges effectively. Its importance is underscored by the increasing reliance on technology in business processes and societal functions.
Annual course fee
Duration
1.5Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) program is designed to provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in the field of information technology. This program focuses on practical applications of technology in business and other sectors, equipping graduates to address complex IT challenges in organizational contexts. Its goal is to prepare students for leadership roles in technology management and innovation, making it crucial in an increasingly digital world.
Annual course fee
Duration
1.5Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Information Technology (Thesis) program aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of advanced information technology principles, emphasizing research and development. This program seeks to equip students with the skills necessary to undertake innovative projects and contribute to the growing field of IT. Its importance lies in the need for skilled professionals who can analyze and solve complex problems using technology.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Information Technology (Thesis) program is designed to provide students with a robust understanding of advanced topics in information technology, focusing on research and development. This program aims to equip students with the skills necessary to contribute to technological advancements and solve complex IT challenges. Its importance is amplified by the growing demand for innovative solutions in a technology-driven world.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Sound Technologies (Non-Thesis) program is focused on teaching students the technical and creative skills necessary for recording, producing, and manipulating sound. This program aims to equip individuals with expertise in sound design, audio engineering, and technology applications in various media. Its importance lies in the increasing demand for sound professionals in industries such as music, film, and digital media.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Sound Technologies (Thesis) program is designed to provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in the field of sound engineering and technology. The program aims to develop research capabilities and foster innovation in sound design and production. It is important for cultivating professionals who can contribute to advancements in audio technologies and related fields.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003The Master of Artificial Intelligence (Thesis) program focuses on providing students with a comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence, emphasizing research and practical applications. This program prepares students not only to understand complex AI concepts but also to contribute to the field through innovative research. Its importance lies in the growing demand for advanced AI solutions in various sectors, making expertise in this area highly sought after.
Annual course fee
Duration
2Rankings
Western Asia 2025Students
19003
Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English)
Antalya Bilim University
Master of Data Science (Non-Thesis) (English)
Antalya Bilim University
Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (Turkish)
Antalya Bilim University
Associate of Tele-Health Technology (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Associate of Front - End Software Development (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Associate of Carbon Management Technology (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Associate of Construction Technology (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Associate of Smart Infrastructure Technology (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Bachelor of Information Security Technology (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Bachelor Of Information Systems and Technologies (Turkish)
Istanbul Gelisim University
Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Bachelor of Software Engineering (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) (Turkish)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Information Technology (Thesis) (Turkish)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Information Technology (Thesis) (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Sound Technologies (Non-Thesis) (Turkish)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Sound Technologies (Thesis) (Turkish)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Master of Artificial Intelligence (Thesis) (English)
Bahcesehir Istanbul University
Related searches
Academic Programs in Turkey
Generated on: 2026-05-11
Total Programs: 224
This document provides a comprehensive list of programs in Technology, Software, Computer, IT universities. Each program includes details about duration, tuition fees, language requirements, application deadlines, and more.
Program Listing
| Program | University | Duration | Language | Tuition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English) | Antalya Bilim University | 2 Years | English | 5400 USD 4590 USD |
| Master of Data Science (Non-Thesis) (English) | Antalya Bilim University | 1.5 Years | English | 4000 USD 3400 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (Turkish) | Antalya Bilim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5400 USD 4590 USD |
| Associate of Tele-Health Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Front - End Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Carbon Management Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Construction Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Smart Infrastructure Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Security Technology (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 4 Years | English | 9000 USD |
| Bachelor Of Information Systems and Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 4 Years | Turkish | 4000 USD |
| Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 4 Years | English | 12000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 4 Years | English | 9000 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | English | 14000 USD 10500 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 1.5 Years | English | 12000 USD 9000 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 12000 USD 9000 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 1.5 Years | English | 12000 USD 9000 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Thesis) (Turkish) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | Turkish | 14000 USD 10500 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | English | 14000 USD 10500 USD |
| Master of Sound Technologies (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | Turkish | 12000 USD |
| Master of Sound Technologies (Thesis) (Turkish) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | Turkish | 14000 USD 10500 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence (Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 2 Years | English | 14000 USD 10500 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence (Non-Thesis) (English) | Bahcesehir Istanbul University | 1.5 Years | English | 12000 USD 9000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (English) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | English | 3250 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate Of Web Design and Coding (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology And Operator (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 4 Years | Turkish | 4500 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Gelisim University | 4 Years | English | 5500 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems and Technologies (Turkish) | Beykent University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3500 USD 2500 USD |
| Associate of Building Insulation Technology (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Associate of Automotive Technology (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Associate of Environmental Measurement and Monitoring Systems Tech (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Associate of CNC Programming and Operation (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Associate of Computer Technology (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2200 USD 1600 USD |
| Master of Technology and Innovation Management (Thesis ) (English) | Beykoz University | 2 Years | English | 7000 USD 3500 USD |
| Master of Technology and Innovation Management (Non-Thesis) (English) | Beykoz University | 1.5 Years | English | 6000 USD 3000 USD |
| Associate of Big Data Analytics (Turkish) | Beykoz University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3400 USD 1700 USD |
| Master of BioTechnology ( Non - Thesis) (Turkish) | Istanbul Aydin University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 8000 USD |
| Master of BioTechnology (Thesis) (Turkish) | Istanbul Aydin University | 2 Years | Turkish | 9000 USD |
| Bachelor Of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 4 Years | English | 6500 USD |
| Associate of Digital Health Systems Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Kent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3200 USD 1300 USD |
| Associate of Medical Data Processing Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Kent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3200 USD 1300 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (Combined EN/TR) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 4 Years | Combined EN/TR | 4000 USD |
| Bachelor of Data Science and Analytics (English) | Istanbul Atlas University | 4 Years | English | 6300 USD 5670 USD |
| Associate Of Computer Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD |
| Associate of Computer Aided Design (CAD) & Animation Program (Turkish) | Istanbul Okan University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2250 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Kultur University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3850 USD 1925 USD |
| Associate of Cloud Information Operations (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Big Data Analytics (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Back - End Software Development (English) | Ankara Medipol University | 2 Years | English | 2250 USD |
| Associate of Digital Transformation Electronics (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Aircraft Technology (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Manufacturing Systems Operator (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Health Information Systems Technics (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Corporate IT Specialist (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Internet And Web Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Green And Ecological Building Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1300 USD |
| Associate of Green And Ecological Building Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1300 USD |
| Associate of Green And Ecological Building Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1300 USD |
| Associate of Green And Ecological Building Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1300 USD |
| Associate of Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Unmanned Vehicle Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Unmanned Vehicle Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Unmanned Vehicle Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Unmanned Vehicle Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Associate of Cyber Security (Haliç Campus) ( English) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | English | 3500 USD |
| Associate of cyber security (English) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | English | 4000 USD |
| Associate of cyber security (English) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | English | 4000 USD |
| Associate of cyber security (English) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | English | 4000 USD |
| Associate of Back - End Software Development (Haliç Campus) ( English ) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3500 USD |
| Associate of Back - End Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | Turkish | 4000 USD |
| Associate of Back - End Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Medipol University | 2 Years | Turkish | 4000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Ufuk University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Ufuk University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Technology (Turkish) | Ufuk University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD |
| Master of Applied Data Science (Non-Thesis) (English) | Fenerbahce University | 1.5 Years | English | 6000 USD 3000 USD |
| Master of Applied Data Science (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Fenerbahce University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 6000 USD 3000 USD |
| Associate of Medical Data Processing Technician (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1950 USD |
| Bachelor of Data Science and Analytics (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3250 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Development (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3250 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems and Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3250 USD |
| Associate of Building Installation Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Bachelor of Data Science and Analytics (Turkish) | Fenerbahce University | 4 Years | Turkish | 6300 USD 3150 USD |
| Associate of Electronic Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Associate of Computer-Aided Design and Animation (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Associate of Dental Prosthetics Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Associate of CNC Programming and Operation (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2600 USD |
| Associate of Cosmetics Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Kent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3200 USD 1300 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Arel University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3300 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Ankara Bilim University | 4 Years | English | 3000 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems Engineering (English) | Ankara Bilim University | 4 Years | English | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Drone Technology and Operatorship (Turkish) | Ankara Bilim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1000 USD |
| Associate Of Web Design and Coding (Turkish) | Ankara Bilim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Ankara Bilim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Ankara Bilim University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1000 USD |
| PhD in Management Information Systems (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD 5000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD 2450 USD |
| Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD 2450 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD 2450 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD 2450 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (English) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 4 Years | English | 3250 USD 2900 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD |
| Associate of Automotive Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1450 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate Of Internet and Network Technologies (Distance Education) (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate Of Internet and Network Technologies ( Evening (Second Education) (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate Of Internet and Network Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate Of Computer Programming (Distance Education) (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate Of Computer Programming ( Evening (Second Education) (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD 1750 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Topkapi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1750 USD 1750 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 4 Years | English | 4400 USD |
| PhD in Computer Engineering (Turkish) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 4 Years | Turkish | 11000 USD |
| Master of Computer Engineering (Thesis) (Turkish) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7000 USD |
| Master of AI and Data Engineering (thesis) (Turkish) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7000 USD |
| Master of AI and Data Engineering (Non-thesis) (Turkish) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 6000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering ( English ) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 4 Years | English | 7000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Fatih Sultan Mehmet University | 2 Years | Turkish | 4000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Fenerbahce University | 4 Years | English | 8400 USD 4200 USD |
| Associate of Biomedical Equipment Technology (Turkish) | Acibadem University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3500 USD 2625 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Acibadem University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3500 USD 2625 USD |
| Associate of Biomedical Device Technology (Turkish) | Biruni University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Biruni University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Halic University | 4 Years | English | 6500 USD |
| PhD in Computational Science and Engineering (English) | Kadir Has University | 4 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| Master Of computational science and engineering ( Thesis) (English) | Kadir Has University | 2 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| Bachelor Of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering (English) | Ozyegin University | 4 Years | English | 25000 USD 12500 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence (Thesis) (English) | Ozyegin University | 2 Years | English | 10000 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems and Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Okan University | 4 Years | Turkish | 4500 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems and Technologies (English) | Istanbul Okan University | 4 Years | English | 5000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Okan University | 4 Years | English | 5000 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Thesis) (English) | Istanbul Okan University | 2 Years | English | 6000 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Non-Thesis) (English) | Istanbul Okan University | 1.5 Years | English | 5000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Okan University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2250 USD |
| Associate of Mobile Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Okan University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2250 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Kent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3200 USD 1300 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering ( Turkish ) | Beykoz University | 4 Years | Turkish | 4600 USD 2300 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence (Non-Thesis) (English) | Beykoz University | 1.5 Years | English | 6000 USD 3000 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence (Thesis) (English) | Beykoz University | 2 Years | English | 7000 USD 3500 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Beykoz University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3400 USD 1700 USD |
| Associate of Computer ProgrammingTurkish | Istanbul Bilgi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Bilgi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2000 USD |
| Associate of Printing and Publishing Technologies (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD 2000 USD |
| Associate of Electronics Technology (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1600 USD 2000 USD |
| PhD in Computer Science and Engineering (English) | Sabanci University | 4 Years | English | 18000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istinye University | 4 Years | English | 8000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Istinye University | 4 Years | Turkish | 8000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istinye University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | Istinye University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Associate Of Computer Technology (Turkish) | Istinye University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (EP) (Turkish) | Istinye University | 2 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | TED University | 4 Years | English | 11800 USD 5900 USD |
| Master of Interactive Computing and Information Systems (Thesis) (English) | TED University | 2 Years | English | 8000 USD |
| Master of Interactive Computing and Information Systems (Non-Thesis) (English) | TED University | 1.5 Years | English | 8000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 4 Years | English | 6500 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Development (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 4 Years | English | 6500 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 1.5 Years | English | 10000 USD |
| Master of Information Technology Law (Thesis) (Turkish) | Istanbul Aydin University | 2 Years | Turkish | 9000 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Istanbul Aydin University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 8000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Istanbul Aydin University | 2 Years | Turkish | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 2 Years | English | 3000 USD |
| Associate of Computer Technologies (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 2 Years | English | 3000 USD |
| Associate Of Internet and Network Technologiey (English) | Istanbul Aydin University | 4 Years | English | 3000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Beykent University | 4 Years | Turkish | 4000 USD 2700 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Beykent University | 2 Years | Turkish | 2613 USD 1900 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Nisantasi University | 4 Years | Turkish | 3250 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Technology (English) | Isik University | 4 Years | English | 4800 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Isik University | 4 Years | English | 4800 USD |
| Master of Information Technology (Thesis) (English) | Isik University | 2 Years | English | 10200 USD 5100 USD |
| Master of Information Technologies (Non-Thesis) (English) | Isik University | 1.5 Years | English | 10200 USD 5100 USD |
| Master of Technology and Innovation Management (Non-Thesis) (English) | Isik University | 1.5 Years | English | 10200 USD 5100 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Isik University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1800 USD |
| ASSOCIATE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING (EVENING EDUCATION) (Turkish) | Isik University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1800 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English) | Kadir Has University | 1.5 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English) | Kadir Has University | 2 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| Master Of computational applied science and engineering ( Thesis) (English) | Kadir Has University | 2 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| PhD in Computational Applied Science and Engineering (English) | Kadir Has University | 4 Years | English | 20000 USD 7000 USD |
| Bachelor of Information Systems Engineering (English) | Atilim University | 4 Years | English | 14000 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Atilim University | 4 Years | English | 14000 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (English) | Dogus University | 4 Years | English | 6500 USD 3250 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Dogus University | 4 Years | Turkish | 5976 USD 2988 USD |
| Master of Engineering and Technology Management (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Dogus University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD 2500 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Uskudar University | 4 Years | English | 5600 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Uskudar University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 4400 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English) | Uskudar University | 1.5 Years | English | 4400 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (Turkish) | Uskudar University | 2 Years | Turkish | 4800 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English) | Uskudar University | 2 Years | English | 5700 USD |
| Master of Science in Computer Engineering (Thesis) (English) | Uskudar University | 2 Years | English | 4900 USD 3100 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Thesis) (Turkish) | Uskudar University | 2 Years | Turkish | 4800 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Uskudar University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 4400 USD |
| Associate of Computer Technologies (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | Halic University | 2 Years | Turkish | 1500 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (Turkish) | Istanbul Atlas University | 4 Years | Turkish | 5550 USD 4995 USD |
| Bachelor of Computer Engineering (English) | Istanbul Atlas University | 4 Years | English | 6300 USD 5670 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Atlas University | 4 Years | English | 6300 USD 5670 USD |
| Master of Computer Engineering (Thesis) (Turkish ) | Istanbul Atlas University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7415 USD 6674 USD |
| Master of Computer Engineering (Thesis) (English ) | Istanbul Atlas University | 2 Years | English | 7415 USD 6674 USD |
| PhD in Computer Engineering (English) | Istanbul Atlas University | 4 Years | English | 16500 USD 14850 USD |
| Master of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Thesis) (English) | Istinye University | 2 Years | English | 8,500 USD |
| Master of Software Engineering (Thesis) (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 2 Years | Turkish | 9500 USD 4320 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | Istanbul Kultur University | 4 Years | English | 7600 USD 3800 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | Biruni University | 4 Years | Turkish | 5000 USD 4500 USD |
| Bachelor of Nanotechnology Engineering (English) | OSTiM Technical University | 4 Years | English | 16500 USD 3960 USD |
| Bachelor of Artificial Intelligence Engineering (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 4 Years | Turkish | 18500 USD 5580 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 4 Years | Turkish | 18500 USD 4440 USD |
| Bachelor of Software Engineering (English) | OSTiM Technical University | 4 Years | English | 18500 USD 4440 USD |
| Associate of Information Security Technology (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7500 USD 2700 USD |
| Associate of Computer Programming (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7500 USD 2700 USD |
| Associate of Mechatronics (Turkish) | OSTiM Technical University | 2 Years | Turkish | 7500 USD 2700 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Thesis) (English) | Istinye University | 2 Years | English | 8,500 USD |
| Master of Cyber Security (Non-Thesis) (English) | Istinye University | 1.5 Years | English | 8,000 USD |
| Master of Data Science (Thesis) (Turkish) | Istinye University | 2 Years | Turkish | 8,500 USD |
| Master of Data Science (Non-Thesis) (Turkish) | Istinye University | 1.5 Years | Turkish | 8,000 USD |
StudyinTurkiye.com — Powered by Sitconnect
This document was generated for informational purposes only.
